Lightbulb Ideas

Semester 2 (Week 5)

Theses are lightbulb ideas and discoveries I had on 28th April 2018.

Lightbulb Ideas

Lightbulb Idea 1:
Key concepts, or pervasive ideas, like RATIO and FUNCTIONS will be MAJOR CITIES on my Google Maps of Mathematics.

Lightbulb Idea 2:
Patterns will be a TOWN that will have similar FEATURES as the similar CITY called FUNCTIONS. These FEATURES will include TABLES, GRAPHS, FUNCTION DIAGRAMS, EQUATIONS. However, EQUATIONS will probably have to exist as a concept (TOWN) or more likely a pervasive idea (CITY) as well.

Discoveries

Discovery 1
Use LEAFLET open-source JavaScript library for mobile-friendly interactive maps.  This can be found at:

http://leafletjs.com/

This is used by:

GitHub foursquare Pinterest Facebook Evernote Etsy Flickr 500px Data.gov European Commission The Washington Post Financial Times NPR USA Today National Park Service IGN.com

Discovery 2
Web Mapping with Python and Leaflet

https://programminghistorian.org/lessons/mapping-with-python-leaflet

Discovery 3
How to build a map of the London Underground.

Building Gorgeous 3D Maps with eegeo.js and Leaflet

Building Gorgeous 3D Maps with eegeo.js and Leaflet

S1-Week 5-Class

Semester 1 (Week 5)

Theses are the notes I took during the Tuesday afternoon workshop that took place from 14:00 to 17:00 on 17th October 2017.  The tutors was Dr Claire McAvinia.

Topics for today’s workshop

– eLearning Design Methodologies & Methods
– Formative Evaluation/Evaluation Processes

Instructional design strategies for your e-learning project /How “finished”e-learning resources are evaluated in practice.

N.B. There’s no need to re-write my Research Proposal if I am simply changing my domain area from Patterns/Functions to Algebra. Run it past my supervisors by emailing them.

N.B. One part of my case study is documentation data. You can either put this in the literature review or the dataset. For me, I think I will be writing up about the syllabus and the state examinations in my literature review.

Part 1 – recalling some important ID models (materials from Damian Gordon and available in Webcourses)

Part 2 – using an evaluation tool to evaluate RLOs

Part 3 – time to work on your artefacts, then undertake some work

Part 1

Bloom’s Taxonomy
Evaluate –
Synthesise – put together knowledge
Analyse – break down knowledge
Apply – use your understanding
Comprehend – show understanding
Know- Recall information

ADDIE Model
Analysis
Design
Development
Implementation
Evaluation

How is learning theory connected with the above two models.

ASSURE MODEL

THE ABCD FORMAT
Audience, Behaviour, Condition. Degree

From “Instructional Technology – A Systematic Approach…..”

DICK AND CAREY MODEL

ICARE MODEL
Introduce, Content, Apply, Reflect, Extend

TRIPP AND BICHELMEYER

GAGNÉ’S NINE EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION

1. Gain attention
2. Inform learners of objectives
3. Stimulate recall of prior learning
4. Present the content
5. Provide “learning guidance”
6. Elicit performance
7.
8.
9.

CHARLES M. REIGELUTH – Elaboration Theory

COMPONENT DISPLAY THEORY
CDT classifies learning along two dimensions:
Content – facts, contents, procedures
Performance –

ACTIVE LEARNING – an umbrella term that refers to several models of instruction
– Think-Pair-Share
– The Pause Procedure
– Fact Rounding
– Network Phasing
– Learning Cell
– Active Writing
– Team Quizzes

EDWARD DE BONO

OTHER MICRO TECHNIQUES
– Learning by teaching
– Problem-based learning
– Project
– Inquiry
– Action
– Progressive inquiry
– Service learning

Now for some Evaluation…

“The systematic acquisition and assessment of information to provide feedback about some object.” (Trochim, 2006)

“Research is aimed at truth. Evaluation is aimed at action.” (Patten, 2008).

USING AN EVALUATION TOOL

(1) LOAM (Learning Object Attribute Metric). Tool has been designed as an evaluation tool for elearning materials.

http://www.nottingham.ac.ak

It was used for the NLDR project.

Look at Pat Walsh’s MSc project.

ASKING GOOD EVALUATION QUESTIONS

Evaluations are structured around questions
– Shape the evaluation process
– Define whats is understood or assumed about the programme

It’s important to ask good questions, rather than obvious ones
– blah blah blah

WHICH DATA COLLECTION QUESTIONS

blah blah blah

COLLECTING YOUR DATA
– Checklists/Questiinnaires
– Confidence logs / pre-post testing
– Focus groups / interviews
– Observation techniques
– System log data / tracking
– Group based / individual techniques
– Reflective diaries, blogs, portfolios
– Cost effectiveness

WHICH METHODS
– Do you know which factors are influencing learning or have you yet to do so?
– Do you want to make a comparison – if so what are you comparing with what?
– What kind of data do you want – qualitative or quantitative?
– What are you going to be doing with the data

Check out memoing.

Suggestion: Create a roadmap for my data on one page.

M4-Week 5-Home

Educational Research Design Module (Week 5)

The following is a reflection on the week immediately after the class that took place on 16th May 2017 using Gibbs Reflective Cycle.

Description

THIS WEEK:  Data Collection (Home)

Lesson Planner Tool for Maths (Vincent Wade et al, 2016).
ADAPT Centre, TCD
Wednesday 17 May 2017
Keyword search instructional design and domain model and mathematics
Note:  Doesn’t have user model layer for adaptivity

Homework:

Critiquing your chosen journal article
(This involved reading the article by Jones & Lea in Week 5).

The article you have been assigned is listed on the next page and can be accessed in the ‘Content’ folder in Webcourses. Please read the article with the following questions in mind, record your responses and bring them to the next session on May 23rd.
We will ask you to discuss your research design critique with those who read the same paper during the class on May 23rd and to prepare a collaboratively written critique for sharing on Webcourses.

Some questions to think about…

1.     Is there a clear research question?
Not exactly.  However, the research project sought to focus on the textual engagements in digital environments by third level students.

2.     Is the methodology clearly stated by the author(s)?

Yes.  Fine-grained, ethnographic-style (Green & Bloome 1997) research of literacies and
technologies in higher education.

3.     What methods have the author(s) used?
Qualitative text based methods.  There were three sets of interviews over six months.
Interviews carried out in small groups (3 to 4) as well as some individual interviews.  These were followed up by email, chat, text.  This follow-up is what the authors call ‘shadowing’.

4.     What issues – if any – arose during the data collection phases?
Not being insider researchers resulted in limitations in data collection.  Students did not spend much time in the institutions outside of lectures.  Many students worked part-time.

5.     What are the main strengths of the research design?

(a) Good stratified sampling by using 45 students from three very different third level
institutions.  This yielded a broad spectrum of students. (b) Direct observation of students
by outside researchers (c) A rich data-base was assembled (transcripts, field notes (both electronic), curriculum sources, personal development plans (PDPs).

6.     What are some weaknesses of the research design?
No triangulation.

M4-Week 5-Class

Educational Research Design Module (Week 5)

The following is a reflection on the Tuesday morning class that took place on 16th May 2017 from 10:00 to 13:00 using Gibbs Reflective Cycle.

Description

THIS WEEK:  Data Collection

NOTES:  from today’s class…

Note:  Check out Envivo software.
Note:  Ethics:  if you offer an incentive to complete your survey, this should be stated in your ethics section.
Note:  You should let people know what you plan to do about the data that you collect.
Note:  Informed consent.

Quantitative Data

Nominal (Male, Female???!!!), Ordinal, Scale

Andy Field – Statistics and SPSS and YouTube

Statistical Data
– Census

Survey Data
– End of module feedback sheets
Scores of Results
– exams, tests, quizzes
Systems Analytics
– Webcourses/Blackboard/Moodle

Primary Research
– Questionnaires
– Structured Observations

Secondary Research
-CSO Data
– Institutional Data, records
– Web hits, Google analytics
– System analytics

What is Qualitative Data

Qualitative data analysis explores themes, patterns, stories, narrative structure, and language within research texts (interview transcripts, field notes, documents, visual data, etc) in order to interpret meanings…

Cousin, 2009

Some Examples of Qualitative Data

Interview, focus group
Questionnaire Data
Observation Notes
Reflective Diaries and Logs
Written Texts and Documents
– Government policies or reports
– Institutional documents
Images
Video

Common Data Collection Issues
– Sample Size
– Triangulation (see p.37 in Gray) (can be from one quantitative method to a qualitative method or to another quantitative method)

Something to think about…
– Does the analysis of qualitative data involve some quantitative methods?
– A second question…

Validity
“Good” or “bad” research
(Opie, 2004)

Validity relates to findings and results
But it also relates to research design and process

Qualitative Research
In qualitative data, validity might be addressed through honesty, depth, richness and scope of the data achieved, the participants approached, the extent of triangulation and the disinterestedness of the researcher.

Quantitative Research
Validity of instruments
– importance of ……
Construct validity
– what your interested in has actually been measured
Internal validity
– can a causal relationship be shown?
External validity

M3-Week 5 -Home

TELTA Module (Week 5)

The following is a selection of my contributions to the group chat on Slack from from Wednesday 8th February to Tuesday 14th February 2017. The Slack ‘Chat Channel’ was set up by Dr. Frances Boylan on 10th January 2017 and I joined the channel on 11th January 2017.

9th February 2017

Frances Boylan [9:16 AM]
Hi all. Just want to check if everything is ok with the material & CA this week? The chat channel has been quiet. I’m away tomorrow & over the weekend so won’t be about to answer questions here after today until Monday morning.

Gerard Kilkenny [9:44 AM]
@frances: I’ll be looking at this week’s CA later today Frances. I’ll get back to you if I have any queries. Any idea when the CATME self and peer assessment results are available? Just looked and there are no links in there yet.

Gerard Kilkenny [10:09 AM]
Gerard Kilkenny
@frances: I’ll be looking at this week’s CA later today Frances. I’ll get back to you if I have any queries. Any idea when the CATME self and peer assessment results are available? Just looked and there are no links in there yet.
Posted in #chatFeb 9th, 2017
Gerard Kilkennygerard.kilkenny
@frances: Grand.
Feb 9th, 2017

Pauline Rooney [10:13 AM]
@Gerry I’m waiting on one CATME evaluation and that should be in today. I don’t want to release the results until all evaluations are in as it will skew them. (And It is only possible to release results to the full class – I.e. I can’t release individual team results. A restriction of the system as I’m discovering!) Will be in touch later today with a further update though.

Gerard Kilkenny [10:15 AM]
@paulinerooney: Thanks. Badges for Week 4 to be pushed or pulled?

11th February 2017

Gerard Kilkenny [2:15 AM]
https://phys.org/news/2016-11-robots-classrooms-tools-teachers.html
phys.org
Robots likely to be used in classrooms as learning tools, not teachers
Robots are increasingly being used to teach students in the classroom for a number of subjects across science, maths and language. But our research shows that while students enjoy learning with robots, teachers are slightly reluctant to use them in the classroom.
https://3c1703fe8d.site.internapcdn.net/newman/gfx/news/hires/2016/robotslikely.jpg

Now that they’ve replaced most of the checkout operators in SuperValu, we could be next. 😀

Mick Mc Keever [7:02 PM]
@gerard.kilkenny I teach automation and robotics in DIT so we have been using them for years to teach. Unfortunately the memory capacity on the batches over the last few years seems inferior. It might be due to a Y2K bug the millennials suffer and can only keep max 4 digits in memory at any one time instead of the standard 7 +/- 2 (according to Miller).

Gerard Kilkenny [7:28 PM]
@mick_mc_keever: Very funny Mick! Unfortunately, there is a certain amount of truth in what you seem to be indicating. In the second level sector, teachers who have been correcting the Leaving Certificate Higher Level Maths papers for many years will tell you that a significant decline in standards began during the celtic tiger years. Many students got part-time jobs, spent more time in menial jobs and socialising, and neglected their studies. Marking schemes for the Maths papers have been ‘adjusted’ for many years now to keep the number of As, Bs, Cs, etc the same inside the ‘bell curve’. If this hadn’t happened, there would have been a national outcry. The new Project Maths courses (which were very controversial and politicised) could not be allowed to fail. There is substantial evidence to support what I say. You could write a thesis on the subject!

13th February 2017

Dave Culliton [10:06 AM]
Gerry I thought the powers were retracting on the Project Maths rubbish? I thought I read that somewhere last year.

Gerard Kilkenny [2 years ago]
@daveyc Who are the ‘powers’ and what do you mean by ‘retracting’? I’m afraid I don’t understand your question in order to reply?

14th February 2017

Gerard Kilkenny [1:29 PM]
Allesio found this simple but very good video on 21st Century Skills. The 4 Cs and 2 Ps. It’s less than 3 minutes long…

https://k12.thoughtfullearning.com/FAQ/what-are-21st-century-skills

K-12 Thoughtful Learning
What are 21st century skills?
The 21st century skills are a set of abilities that students need to develop in order to succeed in the information age. Explore this page to learn about these drivers of success.

M2-Week 5-Home

Instructional Design & eAuthoring Module (Week 5)

The following is a reflection on the week immediately after the class that took place on Tuesday 22nd November 2016 using Gibbs Reflective Cycle.

Wednesday 23rd November 2016 – PDST TECHNOLOGY IN EDUCATION ICT CONFERENCE

pdst_02pdst_09

Description

PDST/PDST Technology in Education, in conjunction with the ICT committee of NAPD, hosted a conference for school leaders providing an opportunity for all attendees to consider a number of whole school issues in advance of annual funding being released by the Department of Education and Skills (DES) as per the Department of Education and Skills Digital Strategy for Schools (2015 – 2020).  I attended this full day conference in The Convention Centre Dublin.

Summary of reflections of today’s conference:

(1) ePortfolios for TY students
(2) Microsoft OneNote (Microsoft Classroom) for ePortfolio.
(3) A constructivist pedagogical orientation is encouraged according to Seán Gallagher, Deputy Director, PDST.
(4) €210 million for all primary and secondary schools over five years.
(5) Probably €15,000 per year for my school.
(6) A WiFi infrastructure in my school is likely to cost in the region of €25,000.

Feelings

I hadn’t been in The Convention Centre Dublin before.  It’s an extremely impressive large light-filled modern building overlooking the River Liffey on Dublin’s north quays.

Evaluation

This was a very good conference.  I learned about a Transition Year pilot project (which is due to go mainstream in 2017) where students use ePortfolios for storage, workspace and showcase instead of hard copy folders of their work for the year.  I discovered that one of the schools that presented at the conference (Colaiste Muire, Ennis) use OneNote Online for their ePortfolios.  This is an Office 365 tool and Colaiste Muire is an Office 365 School.  My own school is an Office 365 School so it makes sense that my school evaluates OneNote Online as a tool for creating ePortfolios.

Analysis

The conference began with the following two keynotes.  The first keynote by Jim Devine (who is based in Joint Research Centre (JRC), Seville) looked at an EU digital learning project (DigComp 2.0).  The second keynote from Seán Gallagher looked at the situation nationally and in particular the funding in relation to the current five year National Strategy (2015 – 2020).  He mentioned that the PDST try to champion a constructivist pedagogical orientation and favour ongoing assessment.  There are ‘good practice’ videos on the PDST website.  He also looked at the Scoilnet website (created and managed by PDST Technology in Education) and in particular the following digital material on this website:

– Irish Times Archive
– Maps
– Science hooks
– Licenced Digital Content (encyclopaedias, etc)
– Census At School
– Arts in Education

Conclusions

It was interesting to see that ePortfolios are now being encouraged in second level schools as well as being something that is an integral part of my MSc in Applied eLearning degree course.

Personal Action Plans

Inform the Transition Year Co-ordinator in my school about the ePortfolio pilot project.

Encourage my colleagues to register for the excellent Scoilnet website.

Friday 25th November 2016 – FEEDBACK & RESULT (LEARNING THEORIES PAPER)

lttc-logo
learning-theories_01

 

 

 

Description

I received my result and feedback by email from Claire McAvinia today on my Learning Theories paper.  I received 4 passes out of 4 in the areas covered by the marking rubric for the paper.  The main areas which could have been improved were my ‘Conclusion’ section and by providing more examples linked to my professional practice.  I did a section at the end called Implications for Instructional Design without referring to this section earlier in the paper.  There were a very small number of slightly incorrect APA citations / references.  The overall feedback was very favourable towards my paper.

Feelings

I was pleased but not surprised that I had passed all sections (as per the rubrick) of Module 1 (Learning Theories).  I had spent a lot of time reading for and writing this paper with twenty nine references in total.

Evaluation

I didn’t have a ‘Conclusion’ section and this is something that I must include next time I write a paper.  I could have provided more examples linked to my professional practice but I had reached my word count quota (of 2200) words.

Analysis

I began work on the paper quite early and I devoted about five weekends to it.  I think that the key to writing a good paper is to do enough background reading to feel comfortable with the topic, create a structure for the paper, write a full draft of the paper and finally distill the paper to its final version through a series of edits.

Conclusion

I’m happy that I passed and I think that I was already aware of my paper’s minor shortcomings (other than APA) prior to receiving feedback.

Personal Action Plans

None.

Sunday 27th November 2016 – ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 3 AND ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY 4

e-learning-science e-learning-2-0

Description

I wrote two annotated bibliographies this weekend:

Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E. (2011) Applying the Contiguity Principle. In Clark, R. C., & Mayer, R. E., E-learning and the science of instruction: Proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer.

Downes, S. (2005). E-learning 2.0. eLearn Magazine, 2005(10), 1.

While reading Stephen Downes hugely influential 2005 paper E-Learning 2.0, I came across the first reference below which in turn refers to the second reference below

The E-Learning Framework (2004 – 2012 – archived and defunct)
http://www.elframework.org/framework/index.html

Cetus LLP
http://cetis.org.uk

Also check out IMS Global Learning consortium
http://www.imsglobal.org

Monday 28th November 2016 – HOMEWORK FOR TOMORROW’S CLASS

captivate-v-storyline

Description

I prepared for next Tuesday’s class (Week 6) on Instructional Design and eAuthoring by doing a comparative analysis of Articulate Storyline 2 versus Adobe Captivate 9.  I divided this up between SECTION A – SUMMARY and SECTION B – MORE DETAIL but I have provide just the summary here:
_________________________

SECTION A – SUMMARY
_________________________

(1) Comparison between Adobe Captivate 9 and Articulate Storyline 2 (link):
http://ecoach.com/articles/storyline2-vs-captivate9/

Overall
======
Storyline verus Captivate (Storyline % first versus Captivate % second)

LEARNING CURVE             (75% versus 60%)
MOBILE LEARNING          (20% versus 90%)
COMMUNITY                      (90% versus 50%)
PRICE                                   (60% versus 75%)
PUBLISHING OPTIONS     (90% versus 95%)
_____________________________________________

OVERALL                             (67% versus 87%)
_____________________________________________

(2) Adobe Captivate 9 Pricing (including VAT)

€1,351.87     Full Licence Price
€552.27        Upgrade Price
€429.27        Student & Teacher Edition
€442.48        Subscription (€36.89 per month)

(3) Annotated Bibliography

Duvall, M. (2014). Adobe Captivate as a Tool to Create eLearning Scenarios. In T. Bastiaens (Ed.), Proceedings of E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2014 (pp. 514-517). Chesapeake, VA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).

I read the following paper that looks at how instructional design can bring about constructivist learning.

https://sites.google.com/a/boisestate.edu/edtech504/using-instructional-design-to-implement-constructivist-e-learning-1

Feelings

Although Articulate Storyline 2 and Adobe Captivate 9 are similar products, Captivate comes out with a higher review score.  I was pleased that I had reviewed these products in the past and that I appear (objectively) to have been correct in choosing to purchase Captivate.  This was a major decision with both products costing approximately €1,300 although I managed to purchase an academic version of Captivate for approximately €400.

Evaluation

Adobe Captivate scores much higher than Articulate Storyline for its mobile learning features (90% versus 20%).  This is probably because Captivate allows for app development and responsive design whereas Storyline does not.  However, Articulate Storyline scores much higher than Adobe Captivate for its community of practice (90% versus 50%).

Analysis

Overall, Captivate scores 20% higher than Articulate (87% versus 67%).

Conclusion

Adobe Captivate is a better product overall than Articulate Storyline.  Also, see the following link:

Adobe Captivate 6 Vs Articulate Storyline

Personal Action Plans

None.

M2-Week 5-Class

Instructional Design & eAuthoring Module (Week 5)

The following is a reflection on the Tuesday morning class that took place on 22nd November 2016 from 10:00 to 13:00 using Gibbs Reflective Cycle.

Description

According to the hard copy Module Handbook 2016/17, today’s class was to address the following topics (and to include the guest lecturer(s) from the Digital Media Centre):

  • eLearning Development
  • Rapid development
  • Using selected software for development

This was very much a below par lecture / presentation today.  The guest speaker(s) (to speak about Adobe Premier and Adobe AfterEffects) didn’t show up. Damian Gordon introduced a hastily put together (what he called) ‘Plan B’ which consisted of (a) eLearning and Ethics (b) Top 200 Learning Tools.  The Top 200 Learning Tools was meant to be a topic on next week’s class.

In reality, the topics for today’s class were:

  • eLearning and Ethics
  • Top 200 Learning Tools

Damian Gordon delivered both of these topics.  Pauline Rooney was there throughout but didn’t speak other than to inform the class that we could follow the course on Twitter #580.

Feelings

I felt very disappointed during today’s class.  This was the third week in five weeks that a guest lecturer had failed to appear.  This was the first time that Damian actually acknowledged that a guest lecturer was due to appear but wasn’t going to appear.  I had spent a couple of hours the previous night downloading the Adobe Premier and Adobe AfterEffects materials from Webcourses for today’s classs.  I now feel that there is no point in me downloading and becoming familiar with materials from Webcourses in advance of classes.  Sometimes, the materials appear the day before class and sometimes they don’t appear until the day of class.  This is inconsistent and does not encourage or allow students to develop a consistent approach to engaging with the class materials on Webcourses.

Evaluation

The first part of the class was devoted to ethical and legal issues.  This more interesting aspects were 2012: The year Irish newspapers tried to destroy the web (Irish newspapers tried to charge organisations for linking to newspaper  stories on social media) and a damages award of €75,000 to a man following a defamatory Facebook posting.

Top 200 Tools for Learning 2016 is Jane Hart’s independent resource site about learning trends, technologies and tools.  The website is called Centre for Learning and Performance Technologies and has been in existence since 2007.  I hadn’t seen this website before so I think that it is useful to be aware of its existence and to refer to it from time to time.  Damian got the class to read up on about 5 tools each so that the class itself could review roughly the top 50 Learning Tools.  I think that this was a good way of getting the class to learn about some of the tools and it also added variety to the class presentation today.  The top 20 Learning Tools for 2016 are:

1 – YouTube
2 – Google Search
3 – Twitter
4 – PowerPoint
5 – Google Docs/Drive
6 – Facebook
7 – Skype
8 – LinkedIn
9 – WordPress
10 – Dropbox
11 – Wikipedia
12 – Yammer
13 – WhatsApp
14 – Prezi
15 – Kahoot
16 – Word
17 – Evernote
18 – Slideshare
19 – OneNote
20 – Slack

I was familiar with 19 of the 20 tools.  The only tool that I am not familiar with is Number 12 (Yammer).

Analysis

I think that it is important to know that it is legal to link to online Irish newspaper articles in an eLearning artefact and that there are no charges for doing. This is in spite of attempts by National Newspapers of Ireland/Newspaper Licencing Ireland to charge for such links in 2012.

Conclusions

It’s a good thing that I did download all of the Adobe Premier and Adobe AfterEffects materials from Webcourses because the 7 folders and 24 files that were there on Monday 21st November 2016 have now disappeared (at time of writing 25/12/16) and contain the ‘Plan B’ files and folders (Accessibility folder, eLearning and Ethics PowerPoint, etc.)

Personal Action Plans

Become familiar with the learning tool Yammer.

M1-Week 5-Home

This week I continued to work on my learning theories paper, which was due to be submitted via SafeAssign on Webcourses on 23rd October 2016.  The title of my paper is:

The van Hiele Model and Learning Theories: Implications for Teaching and Learning Geometry

M1-Week 5-Class

Earlier in the week, each student had to prepare a work-in-progress for today’s Learning Theories class.  Here is the text I prepared during the week:

Learning Theories Module – Paper 1 (Work-in-Progress Presentation)

Van Hiele Model – A theory that describes how students learn geometry

by Gerard Kilkenny

00 – Introduction (300 Words)

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the van Hiele model can be used as a framework in the teaching and learning of geometry to Junior Cycle Maths students.  It goes on to explore how elements of the classical learning theories of cognitivism and constructivism are embedded in the van Hiele theory.  In particular, it provides a comparative analysis of the Van Hiele model wih the theoretical learning frameworks of Gagne, Piaget, Bruner and Vygotsky.  The concluding section discusses possible implications of the Van Hiele model for eLearning design.

10 – Van Hiele Model (The 5 Levels) (480 Words)

Level 1 (Visualisation), Level 2 (Analysis) Level 3 (Abstraction), Level 4 (Deduction), Level 5 (Rigour).

20 – Van Hiele Model (The 4 Properties) (110 Words)

Property 1 (Fixed Sequence), Property 2 (Adjacency), Property 3 (Distinction), Property 4 (Separation).

30 – Van Hiele Model (The 5 Phases) (180 Words)

Phase 1 (Inquiry), Phase 2 (Directed Orientation), Phase 3 (Explanation), Phase 4 (Free Orientation), Phase 5 (Integration)

40 – The Gagne Van Hiele Connection

Gagné et al (1992, p.44) list “verbal information” as one of the “five kinds of learned capabilities” (R-40, p.44) and this can perhaps be mapped to van Hiele’s Level 0 where “the student can learn names of figures…” (Usiskin, 1982, p.4).  Similarly, the capability of identifying the diagonal of a rectangle is provided as an example of the capability “intellectual skill” by Gagné et al (1992, p.44) (R-40, p.44) which appears to have it’s equivalent in van Hiele’s Level 1 where students can understand that “rectangles have four right angles” (Hoffer, 1979, 1981) or that a rectangle “has two equal diagonals” (The Project Maths Development Team, 2014, p.32).

50 – Van Hiele and Piaget

Piaget (1953) (R-50) argues that children do not enter the formal operational stage until they are 14 years of age and that they cannot learn formal proofs before this period. Van Hiele (1985) (R-51) describes similar properties in his penultimate geometric level deduction although he does not specify which age pupils reach this level.  In Irish secondary schools, students generally don’t study formal proofs in geometry until second or third year when they are approximately 14 years old.  (R-04)

60 – Van Hiele, Vygotsky and Bruner

Van Hiele questioned the notions of growth being linked with biological maturation. Instead, in ways that have much in common with Vygotsky (1978), he saw development in terms of students’ confrontation with the cultural environment, their own exploration, and their reaction to a guided learning process. (p.112)

70 – Neuroscience and Teaching

What can neuroscience teach us about teaching? (Dr. William O’Connor)

http://icep.ie/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/What-can-neuroscience-teach-us-about-teaching.pdf

80 – Implications for ICT and Instructional Design

Book (Principles of Instructional Design), Book (Michael Allen’s Guide to e-Learning) Software (GeoGebra).

Key References

Curran, S. (2014). Is The Van Hiele Model Useful in Determining How Children Learn Geometry? Munich: GRIN.

Gagné, R. M., Briggs, L. J., & Wager, W. W. (1992). Principles of Instructional Design. Fort Worth: Harcourt.

Piaget, J. (1953). The Origin of Intelligence in the Child. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Project Maths Development Team (2015). Teacher Handbook First Year. Retrieved September 25, 2016, from  http://www.projectmaths.ie/documents/handbooks/firstyearhandbook2015.pdf

Usiskin, Z (1982). Van Hiele Levels and Achievement in Secondary School Geometry.  University of Chicago

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